![]() Scale bars: c 100 nm d 20 nm e 100 nm f 200 nm.įor spinel ferrite films, the performance in light-driven water oxidation has remained poor compared with traditional semiconductors in past progress (Supplementary Figs. i Assuming that the kinetic pathways depend on competing activation (Fe 3) (slow diffusion of an activator, coordination state) and inhibition (Zn 2+) (fast diffusion of an inhibitor, ionic state). h Ratio of the separation efficiencies of the Turing interface film (η 1) and the conventional dual-phase interface film (η 2) and non-Turing dual-phase interface film (η 3). g Three-dimensional APT volume (20 × 20 × 80 nm 3) of the center of the Turing interface film (Zn: Fe = 1:3) and one-dimensional concentration profile taken along the arrow. f SEM image of the non-Turing dual-phase interface film (Zn: Fe = 1:3) employing ferric nitrate (Fe(NO 3) 3) (dual phases coexist, but the gap in reaction diffusion kinetics is small). e SEM image of the conventional dual-phase interface film (Zn: Fe = 1:3) (dual phases coexist, but there is no reaction diffusion at the interface). ![]() Purple represents α-Fe 2O 3, and green represents ZnFe 2O 4 by crystal plane analysis. d False-colored high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) image of the Turing interface film in c. c Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the Turing structure for the Turing interface film (Zn: Fe=1:3) employing iron (III) 2,4-pentanedionate (Fe 3). However, to date, realization of an inorganic Turing structure (spots or stripes) in homogeneous solutions has not been reported because of the similar diffusion coefficients for most small molecule weight species 24.Ī Interface strain due to lattice mismatch. It should be noted that the above case studies the related potential of the Turing structure in heterogeneous solution. Zhang 22 reported a cation exchange approach in the heterogeneous solvent of diethylenetriamine and deionized water to produce Turing-type Ag 2Se on CoSe 2 nanobelts relied on diffusion-driven instability, which was highly effective in catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline electrolytes with an 84.5% anodic energy efficiency. Recently, Tan 24 used a facile route based on aqueous-organic interfacial polymerization to generate Turing-type polyamide membranes for water purification, and these membranes exhibit excellent water-salt separation performance. Turing explained the emergence of stationary patterns by invoking the interplay between an activator and an inhibitor with different diffusion rates 17, which has proven to be extremely influential across many disciplines 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 because they can show enhanced features resulting from abundant and smooth interfaces 23. Some spatiotemporal stationary structures, which are summarized by Alan Turing as the interaction of reaction and diffusion with each other 16. Numerous natural systems contain surfaces or threads that enable directional interface contact 14, 15, such as zebra stripes, spot fish, and undulating sand dunes (Fig. Precise and controllable interface assembly is a bridling factor affecting the further development of inorganic perovskite solar cells, organic solar cells and other fields. 1a), so interface strain control has been at the forefront of device efficiency enhancement by minimizing undesirable defect formation. The interface strain increases with the degree of lattice mismatch (Fig. ![]() These approaches have resulted in increased charge separation efficiency, but reduced manufacturing convenience and repeatability due to lattice mismatch, especially for large-area films. Similarly, PEC, as a new promising energy technology 10, 11, is developing some hierarchical composites to address these issues, such as core-shell heterojunction 12 and layered heterojunction 13. Obviously, selecting a semiconductor to meet some requirements, such as higher carrier mobility, appropriate band structure and interface state, is the key for this kind of BHJ with the perovskite. A bulk heterojunction (BHJ) strategy with a high efficiency for charge separation and ultrafast charge transfer increases the power conversion efficiency of solar cells 6, 7, 8, which also enables cathodic energy efficiency in CO 2 electroreduction 9. Charge recombination is a major limit in thin films to achieve high-efficiency devices, including inorganic perovskite solar cells, organic solar cells, and photoelectrochemical (PEC) tandem cells, seriously restricting their service life 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
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